Which of the following elements contributes to safe passage when using navigation charts?

The element that contributes to safe passage when using navigation charts is recognizing underwater hazards. This is crucial for safe navigation as underwater hazards can include rocks, reefs, wrecks, and other obstructions that may not be visible from the surface. Navigation charts are specifically designed to provide detailed information about the depths and contours of the water, as well as the location of such hazards. Properly interpreting this information is essential for avoiding collisions or grounding, which can lead to dangerous situations for vessels and their crews.

While identifying weather anomalies, monitoring fish populations, and evaluating local cultural sites are important in their respective contexts, they do not directly impact the immediate safety of navigation. Weather anomalies can affect conditions on the water but do not specifically relate to the physical geography outlined on navigation charts, as they primarily focus on the interactions among currents, tides, and atmospheric conditions. Similarly, monitoring fish populations and evaluating cultural sites address ecological and social factors that may influence maritime activities but are not direct considerations for safe navigation.