What type of hazards might be indicated on a navigation chart?

The correct answer focuses on underwater obstructions and shallow areas, which are crucial elements depicted on navigation charts. These hazards can significantly impact the safety and navigability of waterways. Navigators rely on these charts to identify areas where the water depth is insufficient for safe passage, such as shoals, rocks, or wrecks. Knowledge of these underwater features is vital for preventing groundings or collisions, ensuring that vessels can traverse an area safely.

Other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not pertain to the primary purpose of navigation charts. Airborne weather patterns are typically not represented on navigation charts, as those focus primarily on physical features in the water. Marine life migrations, while important for ecosystem management, do not directly impact navigation in terms of hazards. Similarly, land-based terrain features may be relevant for coastal navigation but are not classified as hazards in the same way that underwater dangers are. This distinction highlights the essential nature of recognizing underwater obstructions and shallow areas as key navigational hazards.