What parameters are typically analyzed to assess water quality?

To effectively assess water quality, a comprehensive set of parameters is essential, and the most indicative ones include pH, dissolved oxygen, and contaminants.

pH is critical because it affects aquatic life and the chemical processes that occur in the water. A pH that is too high or too low can be harmful to fish and other organisms. Dissolved oxygen is equally important as it is necessary for the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms. Low levels of dissolved oxygen can indicate pollution or excessive organic material in the water. Additionally, the presence of contaminants reveals information about potential pollutants that can harm ecosystems and human health.

While temperature, clarity, biological indicators, salinity, and turbidity can provide useful information, they do not encompass the key factors that directly influence the health of aquatic environments and organisms in the same way that pH, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of contaminants do. For instance, a sample may have certain biological indicators that suggest some level of health, but without assessing pH or oxygen levels, one cannot fully understand the water's quality or its suitability for various uses, such as recreation or as a habitat.

Thus, option B provides a solid overview of the critical parameters necessary for a thorough assessment of water quality.