What is thermal pollution?

Thermal pollution refers to the degradation of water quality that occurs when the temperature of water is increased, particularly due to the discharge of heated wastewater from industrial processes. This increase in temperature can significantly impact aquatic ecosystems, as many organisms are sensitive to temperature changes, which can affect their metabolism, reproduction, and overall health. Higher water temperatures can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the water, making it harder for fish and other aquatic life to survive.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately define thermal pollution. The introduction of cooling systems can be a countermeasure to thermal pollution but does not itself represent the phenomenon. The warming effects of climate change pertain to broader environmental shifts, while the heating of wastewater for treatment may involve other processes and not directly correlate with the adverse environmental effects associated with thermal pollution. Thus, the definition emphasizing the negative consequences of industrial heat discharge accurately captures the essence of thermal pollution.