What is a buffer zone?

A buffer zone refers to an area of vegetation located near waterways that serves a crucial role in protecting aquatic environments from erosion and pollution. This vegetative space helps to filter runoff, absorb excess nutrients, and stabilize shorelines, thereby maintaining the health of the water body and its surroundings. The plant roots in the buffer zone hold soil in place, reducing erosion caused by water movement. Additionally, the vegetation can trap pollutants before they enter the waterway, improving water quality and creating a habitat for wildlife.

In contrast, other options pertain to different concepts. Urban areas designated for construction do not relate to environmental protection measures. A fishing prohibition zone is aimed at managing fish stocks and ensuring sustainability but does not serve the dual purpose of hydrological and ecological protection. Lastly, a water purification facility refers to a man-made structure designed for treating water, rather than a natural protective zone. Therefore, defining a buffer zone in the context of its environmental function makes it clear that the correct choice is the vegetative area near waterways.