Explain the term "bank stabilization."

Bank stabilization refers to the methods used to prevent erosion along the banks of waterways. This is crucial in maintaining the integrity of the waterway, protecting adjacent land, and ensuring the safety of infrastructure such as roads and buildings near the water. Erosion can lead to loss of land, sedimentation issues, and deteriorating water quality, making stabilization techniques vital for environmental and structural health.

Methods for bank stabilization can include the use of natural materials like vegetation to reinforce soil, as well as engineered solutions such as rock riprap, gabions, or retaining walls that physically reduce the impact of water flow on the banks. By employing these techniques, bank stabilization not only protects the physical aspects of the bank but also contributes to the overall ecological balance of the waterway, promoting healthy habitats for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife.